In 1975, the rules for men and women field hockey were published in a common rulebook for the first time, five years before women began Olympic field hockey competition. The complete rules of field hockey are presented on web site of the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The International Hockey Federation (FIH) is the international governing body of the field hockey and had charged with regulating the sport, and since 1970, the group has rarely gone for more than a year or two without introducing a rule change. Generally, these changes have been made not just to improve the quality of play in terms of speed and skill, but also to ensure safety and respond to technical advances.
Olympic field hockey is defined as to hit the ball with an L-shaped stick into the opponent's goal, while the opposing goalkeeper tries to prevent the ball from going in the goal. The field players must use the flat side of the head of their stick to control the ball, while goalkeepers may kick the ball or use their hands, as long as they are within the semicircular area in front of the cage known as the shooting circle. Generally, the ball is to be kept on the ground while in play, although a player may scoop or flick it off the ground to pass it to a teammate. Two umpires are on the field throughout a match. The umpire decides whether such action has resulted in dangerous play that calls for a penalty. Players may not use their bodies or sticks to prevent opponents from getting at the ball.
Free hits are awarded in the event of a foul, usually from the spot where the foul took place, and if a player hits a ball out of bounds, an opponent pushes it back in. In both cases, players from the defending team must stand at least 5 yards away. If play stops for any reason other than a penalty, a "bully" may decide possession: Two opposing players face off, and they strike their sticks together before competing for the ball on the ground between them.
Each game begins with a coin toss to determine which team will start the game with a "center pass" the other team will start the second 35-minute half in the same fashion. If the game is tied after the two halves, it goes into overtime, which ends when a goal is scored. If, after two overtime periods of 7 minutes, 30 seconds, neither team has scored, a penalty stroke competition decides a winner.
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